The 5 A’s of monitoring chronic opioid use are:
- AnalgesiaThe first A is analgesia, or the relief of pain. The goal of opioid therapy is to provide adequate pain relief while minimizing the risk of harm. Patients should be monitored regularly to ensure that they are receiving the correct dose of opioid and that their pain is being adequately controlled.
- ActivityThe second A is activity. Opioids can cause drowsiness and fatigue, which can lead to decreased activity levels. Patients should be encouraged to remain active, as this can help to improve their pain and overall health.
- Adverse reactionsThe third A is adverse reactions. Opioids can cause a variety of side effects, including constipation, nausea, vomiting, and drowsiness. Patients should be monitored for these side effects and should report them to their doctor if they occur.
- Aberrant behaviorThe fourth A is aberrant behavior. Aberrant behavior is any behavior that suggests that a patient is misusing or abusing opioids. This can include things like taking more medication than prescribed, asking for early refills, or selling or sharing their medication. Patients should be monitored for aberrant behavior and should be referred for treatment if it is identified.
- AffectThe fifth A is affect. Affect refers to a person’s mood and emotional state. Opioids can cause mood changes, such as depression, anxiety, and irritability. Patients should be monitored for changes in their affect and should be referred for treatment if they are experiencing significant problems.
By monitoring patients for the 5 A’s, healthcare providers can help to ensure that opioid therapy is safe and effective.
